Flossers

The purpose of using Dental Flossers

The primary purpose of flossers is to promote oral health by facilitating the process of flossing. Flossing is a critical component of a proper dental care routine, as it helps to prevent the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that can lead to tooth decay and gum disease. Unlike toothbrushes, which primarily clean the surfaces of teeth, flossers are specifically designed to reach the tight spaces between teeth, where toothbrushes often cannot reach effectively.

To use a flosser, an individual holds the handle and guides the attached floss or tape between their teeth, gently sliding it back and forth to remove trapped debris and plaque. This action helps to prevent the formation of cavities, reduce the risk of gum inflammation, and maintain fresh breath by eliminating odor-causing bacteria.

Flossers come in various types, such as disposable floss picks, reusable floss handles with replaceable flossing heads, and even water flossers that use a stream of water to clean between teeth. The choice of flosser type often depends on personal preferences and specific dental needs. For example, some individuals may find disposable floss picks more convenient for on-the-go use, while others may opt for reusable floss handles to reduce waste.

The History of Dental Flossers

Dental flossers began long before modern dentistry, with evidence suggesting that ancient civilizations used various implements to clean between teeth. However, the modern story of dental flossers really starts in the early 19th century.

In 1815, a New Orleans dentist named Levi Spear Parmly introduced the idea of using waxed silken thread to clean between teeth. Parmly’s advocacy for this method was based on his belief that dental care should focus not just on the teeth themselves, but also on the spaces between them. This was a revolutionary concept at the time, as most dental care was crude and rudimentary.

The invention of dental floss, however, did not immediately catch on. It wasn't until the late 19th century that commercial production of dental floss began. The Codman and Shurtleff company started marketing unwaxed silk floss in 1882, but it was the advent of nylon in the 1940s by Dr. Charles Bass that really changed the game. Nylon floss was superior to silk in its resistance to shredding and its elasticity.

Fast forward to the latter half of the 20th century, the innovation in dental care continued, leading to the development of the modern dental flosser. These flossers, typically consisting of a piece of dental floss strung on a plastic frame, were designed to make flossing easier and more accessible for people. They especially gained popularity as they allowed individuals to floss with one hand, making it simpler for people with dexterity issues or those who found traditional flossing methods challenging.

One of the major breakthroughs in this area was the introduction of disposable floss picks. These convenient tools combined a strand of floss with a handle, making the process quicker and more hygienic. The turn of the 21st century saw further enhancements, such as the addition of ergonomic designs and the integration of advanced materials like Teflon in the floss itself, which reduced friction and discomfort.

Today, dental flossers are an essential part of oral hygiene routines worldwide. They represent the culmination of centuries of innovation in dental care, with ongoing advancements aiming to make dental care more effective and accessible to all.

Components of Flossers

Water flossers, also known as oral irrigators or dental water jets, are devices that use a stream of pulsating water to remove plaque and food particles from between teeth and below the gumline. They consist of several key components:
• Motor and Pump - These form the heart of the water flosser, generating the pressure needed to expel water through the nozzle. The motor powers the pump, which pressurizes water stored in the reservoir.
• Water Reservoir - This is a tank or container where water is stored before it is pumped through the flosser. The size of the reservoir can vary, with larger ones requiring fewer refills during use. Some models may have a removable reservoir for easier filling and cleaning.
• Handle and Hose - The handle is where the user interacts with the water flosser. It is connected to the motor and reservoir by a flexible hose. The handle often includes controls to adjust the water pressure and sometimes the pulsation rate.
• Flosser Tip or Nozzle - This is the part of the water flosser that directs the stream of water. The tip is usually replaceable and can come in different styles for different needs, such as standard tips for general use, orthodontic tips for cleaning around braces, and periodontal tips for deeper cleaning along the gumline.
• Pressure Control - This feature allows the user to adjust the intensity of the water pressure. It can be a dial or buttons on the handle or the main unit. This adjustability is important as different users and different areas of the mouth may require different pressure levels.
• On/Off Switch - This switch can be located on the handle or the main unit, allowing the user to start or stop the flow of water.
• Power Source - Water flossers are typically powered by electricity. They may come with a power cord that plugs into a standard outlet, or they can be battery-operated, which is common in portable models.
• Rotating Tips - Some models feature tips that can rotate, making it easier to reach all areas of the mouth.
• Waterproof Design - Given their use in a wet environment, water flossers are designed to be waterproof, especially around the electrical components.
• LED Indicators - Some advanced models may have LED indicators to show settings or battery life.

Who should use Flossers

• People with Braces - Traditional flossing can be challenging for those with braces. Water flossers are especially useful in this case, as they can easily clean around wires and brackets.
• Individuals with Dental Implants or Bridges - Navigating around implants or bridges with traditional floss can be tricky. Water flossers can effectively clean these areas without the risk of damaging the dental work.
• Those with Gum Disease - People suffering from gum disease often find water flossers more comfortable and effective for cleaning around inflamed or sensitive gums.
• People with Limited Dexterity - Arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, or other conditions that impair hand dexterity can make traditional flossing difficult. Flossers with handles and water flossers are easier to use for these individuals.
• Individuals with Deep Pockets in Gums - For those with periodontal pockets, water flossers can be more effective in flushing out bacteria and debris deep below the gumline.
• Those Who Struggle with Traditional Flossing - Some people find traditional string floss uncomfortable or challenging to use correctly. Handheld flossers and water flossers offer a more user-friendly alternative.
• Children and Teens - Younger individuals, especially those with braces, might find flossers easier and more fun to use, encouraging better oral hygiene habits.
• People Seeking a Thorough Clean - Even those without specific dental issues can benefit from the thorough cleaning that water flossers provide, reaching areas that traditional floss might miss.

What Flossers are NOT intended for

While dental flossers, including both string flossers and water flossers, are generally safe and effective for most people, there are certain situations where their use might be cautioned or not recommended:
• Very Sensitive Gums or Severe Gum Disease - Individuals with extremely sensitive gums or advanced stages of gum disease may find the pressure from water flossers uncomfortable or even painful. In such cases, a gentler approach or alternative dental hygiene methods might be recommended by a dentist.
• Recent Oral Surgery - Those who have recently undergone oral surgery or certain dental procedures should consult their dentist before using water flossers. The pressure of the water could potentially disrupt healing tissues.
• People with Certain Medical Conditions - Individuals with specific medical conditions that may affect oral health or healing (like hemophilia or immune disorders) should consult their healthcare provider to ensure that the use of a water flosser is safe and appropriate.
• Children Younger than the Recommended Age - While water flossers can be suitable for children, particularly those with braces, it's important to consider the recommended age for the specific model. Young children may lack the coordination to use them effectively and safely.
• People with Dental Restorations - Those with certain types of dental restorations should consult their dentist. If not used properly, the pressure from water flossers can potentially dislodge or damage fragile restorations like temporary crowns or bridges.
• Individuals with Sensitive Teeth - Some people may find the sensation of water flossing uncomfortable if they have particularly sensitive teeth. In such cases, adjusting the water temperature and pressure or using traditional floss might be more suitable.

Pros and Cons of Flossers

Pros

• Effectiveness: Both types of flossers are highly effective at removing plaque and food particles from between teeth and along the gum line, reducing the risk of cavities and gum disease.
• Ease of Use: Flossers with handles and water flossers can be easier to use than traditional string floss, especially for people with limited dexterity or those who find it hard to reach the back of their mouth.
• Suitability for Braces and Dental Work: Water flossers are particularly beneficial for people with braces, dental implants, bridges, or crowns, as they can clean areas that are difficult to reach with traditional floss.
• Gum Health: Water flossers can be more gentle on the gums and are effective in reducing symptoms of gingivitis and gum disease.
• Adjustability: Many water flossers have adjustable pressure settings, making them suitable for a wide range of sensitivities and preferences.
• Fun Factor: Many people, especially children, find water flossers more enjoyable to use, which can encourage consistent dental hygiene practices.
• Reduced Bleeding: For those who experience bleeding with traditional floss, water flossers often provide a gentler alternative that causes less irritation and bleeding.
• Orthodontic Benefits: For individuals with braces, water flossers can significantly ease the cleaning process, more effectively removing debris and reducing the risk of white spots and decay.

Cons

• Cost: Water flossers are more expensive than traditional floss, both in initial purchase and in ongoing maintenance (like replacing tips).
• Learning Curve: Some people may find it takes time to get used to using a water flosser effectively, particularly in controlling the water stream and avoiding mess.
• Space and Power: Water flossers require space for storage and need to be plugged in or charged, which might not be convenient for everyone.
• Environmental Impact: Disposable floss picks contribute to plastic waste, and even water flossers have environmental impacts associated with manufacturing and electricity use.
• Not a Complete Substitute: Dental professionals often recommend using traditional floss alongside water flossers for a comprehensive clean, as each method can clean areas that the other might miss.
• Water Usage: Water flossers use a considerable amount of water compared to traditional flossing, which could be a concern in areas where water conservation is important.
• Not Always Travel-Friendly: While there are portable models, water flossers are generally less convenient to take on trips than traditional floss or floss picks.
• Dependency on Electricity: Electric water flossers require a power source, which could be a limitation during travel or in case of power outages.

Studies regarding the benefits of Flossers

1. Title: Don’t Toss the Floss!

The Benefits of Daily Cleaning Between Teeth

Summary: An analysis of 12 well-controlled studies found that flossing plus toothbrushing reduced mild gum disease, or gingivitis, significantly better than toothbrushing alone.

2. Title: Is flossing still necessary?

Summary: This 2019 review article published in the Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA) analyzed various studies and stated that the current evidence on the effectiveness of flossing for preventing gum disease is inconclusive.

3. Title: Flossing and interdental cleaning for preventing and controlling gingivitis and periodontitis

Summary: This 2017 review published in the Journal of Periodontal Research analyzed 56 studies and concluded that flossing may be modestly effective in reducing gingivitis.